Chapter by chapter Test Bank Radiographic Imaging and Exposure 6 Ed by Fauber (9780323710893) 2022.
Test Bank Radiographic Imaging and Exposure 6 Ed : this is a sample
Chapter 02: The X-ray Beam
Fauber: Radiographic Imaging and Exposure, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The _____ is the portion of the x-ray tube that contains the filament.
a. cathode
b. anode
c. rotor
d. rotating disk
ANS: A
The filament, the source of electrons during x-ray production, is located in the cathode.
2. The cathode filament is made of:
a. tungsten.
b. rhenium.
c. molybdenum.
d. lead.
e. nickel.
ANS: A
The cathode filament is made of tungsten.
3. The focusing cup:
a. surrounds the anode.
b. has a positive charge.
c. has a negative charge.
d. focuses the x-ray beam.
ANS: C
The focusing cup, surrounding the filament on three sides, has a negative charge, keeping the
negatively charged electrons focused.
4. In a dual-focus tube, how many filaments are energized at any one-time during x-ray
production?
a. One
b. Two
c. Four
d. An infinite number
ANS: A
Only one filament is energized at any one-time during x-ray production.
5. The focusing cup is made of:
a. tungsten.
b. rhenium.
c. molybdenum.
d. lead.
e. nickel.
ANS: E
The focusing cup is made of nickel.
6. _____ is the phenomenon that occurs around the filament during thermionic emission and
prevents the further escape of electrons from the filament.
a. Saturation current
b. Space charge effect
c. mA rectification
d. Line focus principle
ANS: B
The space charge effect limits the number of electrons in the space charge by preventing
additional electrons from being boiled off the filament.
7. The positive side of the x-ray tube is the:
a. anode.
b. cathode.
c. window.
d. stream of electrons.
ANS: A
The anode is the positive side of the x-ray tube, and the cathode is the negative.
8. The maximum speed the rotating anode will typically achieve is _____ rpm.
a. 3200
b. 5000
c. 10,000
d. 20,000
ANS: C
Test Bank Radiographic Imaging and Exposure
Rotating anodes rotate at a set speed ranging from 3000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute
(rpm).
9. What is the base material of the anode disk?
a. Tungsten and molybdenum
b. Tungsten and graphite
c. Molybdenum and graphite
d. All options are correct.
ANS: C
The base of the rotating anode disk is made of molybdenum with a graphite layer.
10. What is the name of the fixed physical area on the anode target that is struck by the electron
stream?
a. Focal spot
b. Focal point
c. Focal range
d. Focal radius
ANS: A
The focal spot is the fixed physical area on the focal track of the anode target where electrons
strike.
11. What is the name of the device in a rotating anode x-ray tube that turns the rotor?
a. Stator
b. Rotor
c. Focusing cup
d. Rheostat
ANS: A
Located outside the envelope of the x-ray tube, the stator is an electric motor that turns the
rotor.
12. Effective compensation for the anode heel effect would involve positioning:
a. the thinnest portion of the part under the anode and the thickest portion of the part under
the cathode
b. the thinnest portion of the part under the anode and the thinnest portion of the part
under the cathode
c. the thickest portion of the part under the cathode and the thickest portion of the
part under the anode
d. the thinnest portion of the part under the cathode and the thickest portion of the
part under the anode
ANS: A
The thinnest portion of a part should be placed under the anode, because the more intense
x-rays are emitted toward the cathode end of the tube, where the thickest part should be
placed.
13. What is an acceptable level of leakage from the tube housing?
a. 100 mGya per hour, measured 6 feet away
b. 10 mGya per hour, measured 1 foot away
c. 10 Gy per hour, measured at a distance of 4 meters
d. 1 mGya per hour, measured at a distance of 1 meter
ANS: D
The maximum amount of leakage radiation from an x-ray tube is 100 mR (1 mGya) per hour
when measured at a distance of 1 meter.
14. Which of the following could be defined as the production of an x-ray photon by the
electrostatic attraction between the incident electron and the nucleus of the tungsten atom?
a. Photoelectric interaction
b. Bremsstrahlung interaction
c. Characteristic interaction
d. Pair production interaction
ANS: B
Production of an x-ray photon as a result of a slowing down of the incoming electron due to
the electrostatic force of the nucleus is due to a bremsstrahlung interaction.
15. If a projectile electron enters an atom with 100 keV of energy, passes very close to the
nucleus, and exits with 30 keV of energy. The x-ray photon produced is:
a. 13.3 keV
b. 70 keV
c. 130 keV
d. 30 meV
ANS: B
If a projectile electron enters an atom with 100 keV of energy, passes very close to the
nucleus, and exits with 30 keV of energy. The x-ray photon produced is 70 keV (100 – 30 =
70):
Test Bank Radiographic Imaging and Exposure
16. Which of the following could be defined as the production of an x-ray photon by a collision
between the incident electron and a K-shell electron of the tungsten atom?
a. Photoelectric interaction
b. Bremsstrahlung interaction
c. Characteristic interaction
d. Pair production interaction
ANS: C
Characteristic interactions involve the incident electron colliding with a K-shell electron and
ejecting it from orbit. X-rays are produced as a result.
17. A projectile electron removes a K-shell electron and an M-shell electron fills the vacancy. The
energy of the K-shell characteristic x-ray photon produced is:
a. 57.4 keV
b. 66.7 keV
c. 72.3 keV
d. 81.6 keV
ANS: B
The energy of the K-shell characteristic x-ray photon produced is 66.7 keV (69.5 – 2.82 =
66.7).
18. _____ is the boiling off of electrons from the filament when current is applied.
a. Saturation emission
b. Thermionic emission
c. Filament transport
d. Proton emission
ANS: B
Thermionic emission is the emission of electrons (ion) as a result of heat (therm). The heating
of the filament is due to the application of current.
19. The actual flow of electrons from cathode to anode within the x-ray tube is known as:
a. tube current.
b. filament current.
c. anode current.
d. potential difference.
ANS: A
The tube current is the flow of electrons from cathode to anode within the tube.
20. mA is a measure of _____ that flows from cathode to anode.
a. filament current
b. tube current
c. space charge
d. thermionic emission
ANS: B
mA or milliampere, is the unit of measure for the amount of current flowing from cathode to
anode within the x-ray tube.
21. Increasing the kVp will do which of the following?
1. Increase the penetrability of the beam.
2. Decrease the tube current.
3. Increase the speed of the electrons.
a. Increase the penetrability of the beam and decrease the tube current
b. Increase the penetrability of the beam and increase the speed of the electrons
c. Decrease the tube current and increase the speed of the electrons
d. All options are correct.
ANS: B
Increasing the kilovoltage (kVp) increases the speed of the electrons traveling between
cathode and anode and results in an x-ray beam with greater penetrability.
22. The amount the voltage varies during an x-ray exposure is known as:
a. kVp.
b. voltage ripple.
c. mA.
d. tube current.
ANS: B
The amount of variation of the voltage during an x-ray exposure is voltage ripple; it can vary
from 100% to less than 1%, depending on the type of generator being used.
23. What focal spot size is measured directly under the anode target?
a. Actual focal spot
b. Target focal spot
c. Filament focal spot
d. Effective focal spot
ANS: D
Based on the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size refers to the measurement of the
focal spot from a point directly below the target.
24. Filtration of the x-ray beam results in:
a. increased beam quality.
b. increased beam quantity.
c. lower average energy photons.
d. decreased beam quality.
ANS: A
Beam filtration results in removing lower-energy x-ray photons, resulting in an x-ray beam
with fewer photons but with a higher average energy.
25. Which of the following is not classified as inherent filtration?
a. The oil in the transformer
b. The collimator mirror
c. The tube envelope
d. The oil surrounding the tube
ANS: A
The oil in the transformer is not in the path of the x-ray beam, so it has no role in filtering the
beam.
26. The amount of filtration required to reduce the exposure of the beam to half of its original
intensity is defined as:
a. wedge filtration.
b. HVL.
c. mAs compensator.
d. TVL.
ANS: B
HVL, or half value layer, is the amount of filtration needed to reduce the intensity of the x-ray
beam to half of its original.
27. Which of the following types of filtration produce a more uniform exposure to the image
receptor?
a. Compensating
b. Half-value
c. Inherent
d. Spatial
ANS: A
Compensating filters are added filters that alter the beam intensity so images of nonuniform
anatomic structures have more uniform exposure to the image receptor.
28. To produce x-rays, electrons must be:
a. suddenly decelerated and accelerated
b. suddenly decelerated and liberated from the cathode filament
c. accelerated and liberated from the cathode filament
d. All options are correct.
ANS: D
Electrons must be liberated from the cathode filament (thermionic emission), accelerated, and
then decelerated very suddenly to produce x-rays.
29. The device that nearly surrounds the filament is the:
a. rotor.
b. focusing cup.
c. stator.
d. anode.
ANS: B
The focusing cup surrounds the filament with the exception of the side open to the anode.
30. A dual-focus tube has two:
a. cathode filaments.
b. anodes.
c. tubes.
d. focal tracks.
ANS: A
A dual-focus x-ray tube has two cathode filaments: a large and a small one.
31. The rotating target track is primarily made of:
a. rhenium.
b. nickel.
c. tungsten.
d. copper.
ANS: C
The target track of a rotating anode is made up primarily of tungsten.
32. The target angle of rotating targets typically ranges from:
a. 1° to 5°.
b. 5° to 20°.
c. 30° to 50°.
d. 50° to 70°.
ANS: B
Rotating anode target angles usually range from 5° to 20°.
33. What is the relationship between the tungsten metal’s atomic number and melting point?
a. inverse
b. proportional
c. direct
d. indirect
ANS: C
Tungsten has a high atomic number and a high melting point, a direct relationship.
34. The part of the x-ray tube that is connected to the target and causes it to turn is the:
a. filament.
b. rotor.
c. stator.
d. base.
ANS: B
The rotor is physically connected to the target and causes it to turn.
Test Bank Radiographic Imaging and Exposure
35. The advantage to having a focal track is that:
a. the focal spot will be smaller.
b. the focal spot will be larger.
c. lower exposure factors can be used.
d. higher exposure factors can be used.
ANS: D
When the stream of electrons constantly has a new area of the target to hit, the result is that
higher exposure factors can be used.
36. _________________ envelopes are more commonly used in today’s x-ray tubes.
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